British Colonization Essay Example For Students

English Colonization Essay Europe development to India started in eighteenth century had incredible adjustments in arranged field, for example, financial sciences politic. society. human progress, etc. Particularly. after British government which turned into a swayer of India had extraordinary outcome on India. As an outcome. there are numerous imperative adjustments in semantic correspondence and imposts in India and even idea they picked up independency from British guideline 200 mature ages back. the effect on the British provincial age has still stayed from numerous points of view. Perhaps the most factor that the British ate the colonization of India was the constitution of the East India Company. All through the sixteenth century to mid seventeenth century. the interest for flavors in Europe had kept on expanding. At mid 1600s. the Portuguese were the solitary European state which imported flavors from the East. They overwhelmed the zest exchange with Asia on the grounds that Vasco lead prosecutor Gama was the first European to get in Quite a while. Having shown up in Calicut he acquired from Saamoothiri Rajah consent to stock in the city. Anyway the Dutch expelled the Portuguese from East and turned into the sole supplier of flavors to Europe. English bargainers regularly occupied with belligerencies with their Dutch and Lusitanian inverse numbers in the Indian Ocean The East India Company had the unordinary separation of overseeing a full state. In 1600. the East India Company was contracted by Queen Elizabeth I for exchange with Asia. They chose to go to India for exchange in light of the fact that at this clasp Portugal that had incredible exchange with East Asia was losing control of East Asian Spice exchange changed by the European Age of Discovery. Notwithstanding. the East India Company needed to face and spread with the Dutch to build the exchange. By then. The Dutch East India Company was an extremum in 1669. They utilized around 10000 fighters. 40 war vessels and 150 merchandiser ships. also, had a decent spot exchanging with Asia by ground of good boat skippers. merchandisers. broker and moneymans. Along these lines. it was of import for England to be done about the Dutch to build exchange. Fitting toward The East India Company Lobby. Charles? ’ looked for great footings for the East India Company in European state and set up the Council of Trade of 1660 to cover with their feelings of spite. Parliament other than helped the merchandisers. In 1663 it endorsed fares of bullion and remote cash for the main clasp. It attempted to diminish Dutch business high caliber in the angling. flavor. also, fleece exchanges. In short. the endeavor of the British specialists to help the Company against the Dutch gave advantages to numerous English bargainers. So they started to guide boats to the Spice exchange with India. In add-on. the East India Company was generally simple to spread out in India due to the lessening of Mughal power. In that cut. the Mughal Empire was a lslamic magnificent force in Indian subcontinent which started in 1526. They were descendants of the Timurids and controlled the vast majority of the Indian Subcontinent. In 1612. The British got a significant triumph over the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally. Furthermore, the East India Company chose to look into the achievability of determining a regional bridgehead in territory in India and mentioned the Crown to build up a conciliatory. In 1627. the Mughal Emperor Jahangir conceded the India Company authorization to build a bastioned plant at the boss Mughal port of Surat. Be that as it may. the plant at Bombay turned into the focal office of the Company. At long last the part was separated into the three presidential terms of Calcutta. Madras. furthermore, Bombay. As a result. they were as yet capable to the Court of Directors in London and the East India Company accumulated enormous overall gains produced by an arrangement of triangular exchange that saw English gold and Ag coins exchanged for Indian products. It is non much state that British guideline in India was started from holding started in 1757. On June 23rd of that twelvemonth. at the Battle of Plassey. a little unassuming community and mango woods among Calcutta and Murshidabad. the powers of the East India Company under Robert Clive crushed the ground powers of Siraj-ud-daulah. the Nawab of Bengal. The contention endured close to a couple of hours. thus the consequence of the contention had been chosen some time before the officers went to the battleground. The contention of Plassey is supposed to be one of the polar clashes taking to the arrangement of the British in South Asia. The British picked up the enormous riches from the Bengal exchequer. also, dish to a solid start of foodgrains and income improvements. It other than permitted them to fundamentally expand its military may. what's more, opened the way for British frontier guideline. mass financial turn of events and social control in pretty much all of South Asia. In 1757. by ground of the triumph at Plassey. where a military power drove by Robert Clive crushed the powers of the Nawab of Bengal. Siraj-ud-daulah. the East India Company had differed to be changed from a relationship of bargainers to swayers applying political power over a for the most part obscure land and individuals. So the Parliament of Great Britain forced a progression of regulatory and monetary changes and by making so obviously discovered its power and extreme authority over the Company. The Blacks in the Civil War EssayIn 1858. the Sepoy Mutiny. the Indian Rebellion. broke out. This was the colossal hazard presented to the British during the British India. At that cut. they annulled the East India Company and supplanted it with direct guideline under the British. Huge wrappings of area in the Gangetic fields had tumbled to the Rebel. Outrages were directed on the two sides. English military work forces. which were units constrained by the East India Company and were paid for by their profis. recovered Delhi in 1857 and the Emperor Mughals. Bahadur Shah. was put on test for dissidence and sentenced. At last the Rebellion had been squashed in 1858. The East India Company was disbanded by John Stuart Mill. the Commissioner of Correspondence at India House and the unacknowledged formulator of British strategy with respect to the local territories. outfitted and lush however at last fruitless request for the benefit of the Company. Consequently. India turned into a Crown settlement of the British which represented straight by Paliament. Sovereign Victoria reported that she and her officials would work for the open help of their Indian subjects. Anyway there were a few contentions among Indians environing the strategies like female guidance. widow remarriage. the age for marriage. the region of grown-up females. English guidance. the augmentation of the specialists and more individual from Indian joined specialists administration. On the quality of that. there was an extensive expansion in both English and Indian news media and the Indian National Congress was established all together that Indians who was instructed acceptable could determine a voice in the organization in India. In any case. they did non let patriot feelings inside the association like the Congress. In 905. the British divided Bengal since it was the large size of the presidential term thus incited the main significant resistance to British guideline and managerial approaches. During that cut. Indians began numerous plans of peaceful restriction. blacklist. work stoppage and collaboration. At long last the British consented to renounce the divider of Bengal. The divider endeavored somewhat to part with the Muslim nation from Bengal which was Hindu and The capital in India was changed with Calcutta to Delhi. The railroad was worked by the British India experts for military grounds and with the expectation that it would energize industry. It was overbuilt and much unreasonably lush and costly for the little whole of load traffic it conveyed. The India railways framework gave India cultural retirement funds of 9 for every centum of India’s national pay. The Rowlatt Act that the British authorized to the Indian guide in WWI permitted that the specialists could imprison anybody without a test and a solid conviction. furthermore, 1000s of individuals challenged the law and British military staffs adapted to the dissent by protected vehicle. As a result. more than 1000s individuals. grown-up females and children. were slaughtered. The occasion other than caused the non-participation movement against the British by Mathtma Ganhi in 1920 to 1942. Dealings for some comprehension with independency took topographic point in 1930 in London. Furthermore, in the long run. the British would permit India its independency. India got all the more significantly to endeavor the British during WWII. Other than troops. the royal states gave critical aggregates of hard cash. By the terminal of the war. India had a fantastic 2. 5 million grown-up male intentional ground powers. Roughly 8700 Indian trooper were murdered in the war. As a result. the Indian independency movement was extremely solid by that cut and the British guideline was generally loathed. 0000 Indian were selected by the Germans and Nipponese to battle against the Allies in return of their opportunity. Indian battled in Burma. North Africa. Italy, etc. In 1946. there was a rough battle broken out among Hindus and Muslims in Calcutta. Furthermore, the issue spread across India. The issue flared again as independency drew closer and they consented to part India along sectatian lines. While Muslim nations in the North turned into the Pakistan. Hindu and Sikh remained in India and by remarkable revulsions of divider. 500000 was murdered and numerous grown-up females were stole or assaulted. At long last the facts confirm that the British made positive parts to Indian life. During the British India. India acquired from the British their college. agribusiness framework and Industry however stays otherworldly battle. Social foundations like nines and gymkhanas were an of import factor of British. The Indian semantic comm

Paulo Coelho Life Essay

Through a broad inquiring about and perusing the greater part of his books, I am ready to introduce Paulo Coekho: One of the authors increasingly sold and known around the world. As a tremendous fun of Paulo Coelho I have learned he isn't just an acclaimed author; yet he is likewise a perplexing character, a globe-trotter, and a searcher of new things which drove him to attempt all the great and terrible things that introduced on his way. So as to comprehend his books is essential to find out about the agonizing snapshots of his past For example the excursion through the deserts of medications, dark enchantment, prison, etcetera. Paulo Coelho was brought into the world August 24th, 1947 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [1] and gone to a Jesuit school. As a young person, Coelho needed to turn into an author. After telling his mom this, she reacted with â€Å"My dear, your dad is a designer. He’s a consistent, sensible man with an away from of the world. Do you really recognize being a writer?†[1] After inquiring about, Coelho inferred that an author â€Å"always wears glasses and never brushes his hair† and has a â€Å"duty and a commitment never to be comprehended by his own generation,† among other things.[1] At 16, Coelho’s self preoccupation and restriction to following a customary way prompted his folks submitting him to a psychological organization from which he got away from multiple times before being discharged at the period of 20.[2][3] Coelho later commented that â€Å"It wasn’t that they needed to hurt me, yet they didn’t recognize what to do†¦ They didn't do that to decimate me, they did that to spare me.†[4] At his parents’ wishes, Coelho took a crack at graduate school and relinquished his fantasy about turning into an essayist. After one year, he dropped out and lived as a nonconformist, going through South America, North Africa, Mexico, and Europe and began sedates in the 1960s.[5][6] Upon his arrival to Brazil, Coelho functioned as a musician, creating verses for Elis Regina, Rita Lee, and Brazilian symbol Raul Seixas. Creating with Raul prompted Paulo being related with enchantment and mystery, because of the substance of some songs.[7] In 1974, Coelho was captured for â€Å"subversive† exercises by the decision military government, who had taken force ten years sooner and saw his verses as left-wing and dangerous.[4] Coelho additionally filled in as an on-screen character, columnist, and theater chief before seeking after his composing career.[7] In 1986, Coelho strolled the 500 or more mile Road of Santiago de Compostela in northwestern Spain, a defining moment in his life.[5][8] On the way, Coelho had a profound arousing, which he portrayed personally in The Pilgrimage.[9] In a meeting, Coelho expressed â€Å"[In 1986], I was extremely upbeat in the things I was doing. I was accomplishing something that gave me food and water †to utilize the similitude in â€Å"The Alchemist†, I was working, I had an individual whom I adored, I had cash, yet I was not satisfying my fantasy. My fantasy was, and still is, to be a writer.†[10] Coelho would leave his worthwhile vocation as a lyricist and seek after composing full-time. you can't be all over Africa in light of the fact that there are a few spots they don’t even have book shops. However, sufficiently entertaining, they have the Internet! It is mind blowing. So I post every one of my books for nothing on the Internet, and individuals can download them. On the off chance that they like it, they are going to pay. You need to confide in individuals.

Health Care Organizations

Health Care Organizations The Impact of External Influences on Health Care Organizations Home›Technology Posts›The Impact of External Influences on Health Care Organizations Technology PostsThe external influence I have chosen in this essay is medical technology. Medical technology provides new diagnostic procedures, advanced drugs or devices that improve the quality of life and keep in check chronic conditions. The use of this has a great impact on health care organizations as well as health care administrators and they are as follows.The organizations need a high skilled workforce to handle the management of information systems. Various professionals in the health sector need training to be able to use technology in their service delivery. The stake holders in the health care provision may require funding research clinical trails related to the technologies they wish to adopt. In Canada the University of Calgary’s faculty of medicine has researched on the use of an iphone to diagnose stroke (Mitchel l JR, et al 2011).Medical technology also influences various health policies in terms of assessment to ensure safety, quality, efficacy and effectiveness. These policies may be on the innovation of drugs, devices and clinical procedures. It also impacts on central planning by these organizations to reduce utilization of high technology procedures to control medical costs. The health care administrators who adopt various medical technologies are able to contain costs and improve the quality of health care given to the patients.With minimized error in capturing of the data for the patients cases of misdiagnosis are reduced and the appropriate treatments given and follow up of patients’ cases is easier. The daily administration of the health facilities is more effective in records, billing, budgeting. The health administrators are dependent on the information systems for timely management of data. The health administrators reorganize their care delivery set up as with changing medica l technology to ensure that they are patient centered health care providers.

Cultural Diversity And A Multicultural Society - 1371 Words

The United States is a multicultural society in which health professionals handle people from various origins. Now the question is: â€Å"How nurses meet diversified needs of human lives?† Each day, nurses make optimistic changes in human lives by providing care. This holistic care includes each and every aspect of health. This includes, but isn’t limited to physical, intellectual, emotional, and significantly cultural dimensions. In order for nurses to provide transcultural care, they need to be knowledgeable to understand significance of cultural diversity and take measures to provide culture competent care. Cultural diversity is a broad term that according to Lynn (2015), â€Å"Culture, ethnicity, and race- is an integral component of both health and illness,† (p. 74). The term ‘culture’ which according to Silvestri (2014) means, â€Å"Dynamic network of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, ideas, attitudes, values and norms that are unique to particular group of people† (p.38). Furthermore, ethnicity and race are exchangeable. A person belongs to certain ethnicity by birth or adoption. Race is focused more towards physical characteristics of a person. In order for nurses must understand the significance of these factors to provide culture sensitive care. Culture has a great influence on individual’s health and illness and it shapes various aspects of life. These includes: response to pain, physiologic diversity, communication, nutrition, and family roles. When the care isShow MoreRelatedEssay about Improving Education through Cultural Diversity1087 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, cultural diversity is important as it was many centuries ago. According to dictionary, cultural diversity is the coexistence of different culture, ethnic, race, gender in one specific unit. In order, for America to be successful, our world must be a multicultural world. This existence starts within our learning facilities where our students and children are educated. This thesis is â€Å"changing the way America, sees education through cultural diversity, has been co existing inRead MoreMulticultural Education Is A Method For Instruction That Values Diversity Within The Classroom1227 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States dive rsity will become progressively more reflected in our schools. In our school, students are becoming increasingly diverse, by assisting pupils to attaining knowledge, attitudes they need in order to become active citizens within our society. Teaching a group of diverse students from different backgrounds, ethnic, and other cultural groups in a school environment that supports diversity within a classroom setting incorporate teaching. More importantly, it is important thatRead MoreWhat Does Culture And Diversity Mean?898 Words   |  4 PagesA unique and multicultural community, Australia is therefore dynamic, diverse and constantly growing. This means that our schools are also dynamic, complex and culturally diverse. Students attending schools in Australia will come from diverse cultural backgrounds and will consequently have diverse needs. Using critical theory and post-colonialism, this paper will focus upon how teachers’ intercultural sensitivities about difference and div ersity (more specifically, cultural diversity) might impactRead MoreThe Importance Of Supervision And Being A Culturally Competent Counselor981 Words   |  4 PagesConsultation and Being a Culturally Competent Counselor Multicultural and diversity is an important topic in counseling. Counselors provide a service to everyone, regardless their nationality, gender, sexual preference or ethnical background. All counselors are held to a high ethical standard, rather they are school, family, and marriage, mental or spiritual counselors. Counselors must be competent to work effectively with members of society who are culturally different from themselves in order toRead MoreMulticultural Education Is A Lifetime Learning Development982 Words   |  4 Pagesand other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. Through culture, individuals and groups characterize themselves, conform to society s shared values, and contribute to society. Consequently, culture includes numerous societal aspects: language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools, technologies, products, organizations, and institutions. (Cliff Notes) On the other hand, multicultural education is a lifetime learning development intended to inspire all studentsRead MoreDoes Diversity Affect Our Society?985 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in college campuses has increased, which has let people assume that racism decreased and acceptance expanded gradually, however minorities still face prejudice and discrimination. Harvard University presented a research where they gathered college students from 4 particular public universities and questioned them about the social behavior they have experienced or witnessed. In the contrary, they discovered that college students have encountered racist comments or negative facial expressionsRead MoreEducating Through A Multicultural Perspective Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesEducating Through a Multicultural Perspective What the Research Says? Defining Multicultural Education The United States serves as a culturally rich country who opens its arms to individuals from many different ethnicities, backgrounds, and life experiences. It seeks to be the melting pot of a blended group of people, providing opportunity and equity for all. Consequently, our educational system is the cornerstone for providing equal opportunity for all persons. Therefore, as the United States continuesRead MoreFor The Past Two Decades, Canadian Population Is Increasingly1439 Words   |  6 Pages For the past two decades, Canadian population is increasingly diverse and multicultural by the huge wave of newcomers who will adopt and immerse different â€Å"cultural practices† in contributing to the national development (Parent Clydesdale, 2016). Canada is also one of the first countries in the world that has issued multicultural official policy since 1971. The concept of multiculturalism is referred to academic views about the equality and respect for variant cultures, religions, races and behavioursRead MoreSocial Inequality And Stereotyping Cultures From Political Power1384 Words   |  6 Pagessingular and one-off multicultural events reproduce majority/minority, Same/Other relations in their display of minoritises cultures for the appreciation of or consumption by the majority. (p 153) This essay will look into the argument of how the one off multicultural events can be seen as racist, fostering social-inequality and stereotyping cultures from political power. It will also outline how educators with the right strategies and planning can foster valuable cultural experiences and cultivateRead MoreMulticultural Education And Multicultural Schools1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction There have been multiple definitions for Multicultural definition which has become so imperative. Multicultural education alludes to any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds (Bank).America is considered to be a â€Å"melting pot† because of the many people who have immigrated in search of a better life. Immigrants have brought with them their own unique cultures. Different genders

Aristotles Views on Citizenship Essay - 1207 Words

Aristotles Views on Citizenship For Aristotle the human is by nature destined to live in a political association. Yet not all who live in the political association are citizens, and not all citizens are given equal share in the power of association. The idea of Polity is that all citizens should take short turns at ruling (VII, 1332 b17-27). It is an inclusive form of government: everyone has a share of political power. Aristotle argues that citizen are those who are able to participate in the deliberative and judicial areas of government (III, 1279a32-34). However, not all who live in a political association are citizens. Women, children, slaves, and alien residents are not citizens. Some groups; the rich, the poor, those who†¦show more content†¦A political animal means an animal whose nature is to live in a Polis or city, not isolated or in small groups. Civilization is the natural state for the human animal. It is the natural state not in the sense that it is the original state, but in the sense that t he natural goal of human development is life in cities. Aristotle recognizes that There is a natural distinction, [†¦] between what is female and what is servile (I, 1252 b1-2). However, they are normally subordinate to men: †¦the relation of male to female is that of natural superior to natural inferior, and that of ruler to ruled (I, 1254 b13-15). Women and children are ruled, not as slaves for the masters benefit, but for their own good, just as the rulers of a city must seek the good of the citizens, not the good of the rulers. The rule of husband over wife is a constitutional government. The rule of father over children is royal government. For a man rules his wife and children both as free people, but not in the same way: instead, he rules his wife the way a state man does, and his children the way a king does. For a male, unless he is somehow constituted contrary to nature, is naturally more fitted to rule then a female and someone older and completely developed is naturally more fitted to lead then some one younger and incompletely developed (I, 1259a 39-1259b 4). The relation of husband toShow MoreRelatedCitizenship The Perspectives Of Political Theorists Aristotle And Hanna Pitkin1484 Words   |  6 PagesTo tackle the term citizenship the perspectives of political theorists Aristotle and Hanna Pitkin come in handy in conceptualizing the term. Such honorable theorists have unique and yet intriguing views of citizenship, types of citizenship and the roles they play in societies. Although both theorists have different views and perspectives, they seem to come to similar conclusion when dissecting the difference between citizenship doing action and citizenship in the form of membership. Thus, the distinctionRead MoreAthenian Citizenship : Aristotle s Exclusions1511 Words   |  7 PagesAthenian Citizenship: Aristotle’s Exclusions In Aristotle’s interpretation of citizenship, it is clear that citizenship is a fluid title, applied to an exclusive group of men only after meeting certain qualifications, and revocable upon meeting certain others. While Aristotle is unable to answer clearly â€Å"who should properly be called a citizen and what a citizen really is† (p.85), he dedicates several chapters to explicating who is not a citizen in an attempt to determine who is. Though AristotleRead More Foundations of Political Thought Essays1664 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Socrates and Plato’s beliefs have similarities mainly evident in their denouncement of democracy for the state. The views of Socrates expressed and written by his pupil Plato are vastly philosophical in nature and he promotes the idea of questioning life to achieve insight. The philosophers who possess the absolute truth are the best equipped to rule society according to Plato and his Allegory of the Cave. Conversely, A ristotle takes a more political science approach of discussingRead MorePlato And Aristotle s View Of Civilian Expectations987 Words   |  4 Pagespartake in an analysis of Platonic theory regarding the roles and obligations expected of individuals within a society, referencing specific examples from Crito and other scholarly works. In succession, this paper will then dedicate a portion to Aristotle’s view of civilian expectations, and the factors which contribute to an individual’s willingness to accept and comply to governmental guidelines in his philosophical opinion. The concluding remarks of this paper will strive to provide a thoroughly scrutinizedRead MoreBiography of Socrates, An Annotated Bibliography1581 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s â€Å"Symposium†.† Polity.39 .4 (2007): 502-521. Print. Mary P. Nichols, the chair of the Department of Political Science at Baylor University and author of Socrates and the Political Community (1987); Citizens and Statesmen: A Commentary on Aristotle’s Politics (1992); and Reconstructing Woody: Art, Love, and Life in the Films of Woody Allen (1997), argues that Socratic philosophy properly understood is a middle state and as such cannot represent an escape from one’s particular political communityRead MoreJustice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?1454 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions for us but rather implores us to look inside ourselves for the answers. This is accomplished by challenging the reader with cases, some hypothetical, and some real, in which the moral basis can be debated from different angles. We all have views on the death penalty, war, taxes, and religion but few of us take the time to reflect on the logical basis for these values. The first four chapters are filled with many cases that cause the reader to rethink these values or at least the reasoningRead MoreAristotle on Courage Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesCowardly Lion is on a quest for the wizard to give him courage. He is afraid of everything and anything. However, in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle believes that courage is possible for all individuals. To gain courage one must have the inner qualities that will guide the courageous. The most important part of these qualities is to come to terms with death itself. Also, there are views of courage that are falsely perceived because they appear to be parallel with one another; nevertheless theyRead MoreSt. Augustine as the True Heir of Plato Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesJustice is defined as the harmony that results when everyone is actively en gaged in fulfilling his role and does not meddle with that of others (Plato 434e). When each person follows their role in life, stability can be achieved in the state. Aristotle’s society in The Politics, is that of a realistic society, a city of man. Aristotle defines a citizen as a political animal, which means that for man to optimize the society in which he lives in, he must be politically active (Aristotle 1253a). ByRead MoreVirtue Ethics Theory Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesIntellectual Virtues: human reason and rationality. (calmness, contemplation, reflection, wisdom, and knowledge) * Understanding virtue was necessary but insufficient; attaining a virtue required knowing AND doing. 7. Explain the meaning of Aristotle’s concept of teleology. * Observing in nature the purpose of everything; a thing that fulfills its purpose is good. 8. According to Aristotle, what is the purpose of any specific thing based on? * The purpose of any specific thing isRead MoreDemocracy : An Ideal State A Model For Future Societies1095 Words   |  5 Pagesquench the desire. With a new mindset, others would willingly follow someone who is has changed into a more favorable character. Plato wants to show how philosophy is essential to the city; he feels that it is important to the life of the city. Aristotle’s views differ from Plato for he felt that everything existed for a specific purpose, but he felt that happiness was the ultimate goal. In order to gain this happiness the state must play a role in bringing this to the population. The state did not exist

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 12 Aerie Free Essays

string(32) " Not many and nowhere together\." ROBOT-†¦ A term used in the ancient legends of several worlds for what are more usually called â€Å"automata.† Robots are described as generally human in shape and made of metal, although some are supposed to have been pseudo-organic in nature. Hari Seldon, in the course of The Flight, is popularly supposed to have seen an actual robot, but that story is of dubious origin. We will write a custom essay sample on Prelude to Foundation Chapter 12 Aerie or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowhere in Seldon’s voluminous writings does he mention robots at all, although†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica 56. They were not noticed. Hari Seldon and Dors Venabili repeated the trip of the day before and this time no one gave them a second look. Hardly anyone even gave them a first look. On several occasions, they had to tuck their knees to one side to allow someone sitting on an inner seat to get past them and out. When someone got in, they quickly realized they had to move over if there was an inner empty seat. This time they quickly grew tired of the smell of kirtles that were not freshly laundered because they were not so easily diverted by what went on outside. But eventually they were there. â€Å"That’s the library,† said Seldon in a low voice. â€Å"I suppose so,† said Dors. â€Å"At least that’s the building that Mycelium Seventy-Two pointed out yesterday.† They sauntered toward it leisurely. â€Å"Take a deep breath,† said Seldon. â€Å"This is the first hurdle.† The door ahead was open, the light within subdued. There were five broad stone steps leading upward. They stepped onto the lowermost one and waited several moments before they realized that their weight did not cause the steps to move upward. Dors grimaced very slightly and gestured Seldon upward. Together they walked up the stairs, feeling embarrassed on behalf of Mycogen for its backwardness. Then, through a door, where, at a desk immediately inside was a man bent over the simplest and clumsiest computer Seldon had ever seen. The man did not look up at them. No need, Seldon supposed. White kirtle, bald head-all Mycogenians looked so nearly the same that one’s eyes slid off them and that was to the tribespeople’s advantage at the moment. The man, who still seemed to be studying something on the desk, said, â€Å"Scholars?† â€Å"Scholars,† said Seldon. The man jerked his head toward a door. â€Å"Go in. Enjoy.† They moved inward and, as nearly as they could see, they were the only ones in this section of the library. Either the library was not a popular resort or the scholars were few or-most likely-both. Seldon whispered, â€Å"I thought surely we would have to present some sort of license or permission form and I would have to plead having forgotten it.† â€Å"He probably welcomes our presence under any terms. Did you ever see a place like this? If a place, like a person, could be dead, we would be inside a corpse.† Most of the books in this section were print-books like the Book in Seldon’s inner pocket. Dors drifted along the shelves, studying them. She said, â€Å"Old books, for the most part. Part classic. Part worthless.† â€Å"Outside books? Non-Mycogen, I mean?† â€Å"Oh yes. If they have their own books, they must be kept in another section. This one is for outside research for poor little self-styled scholars like yesterday’s.-This is the reference department and here’s an Imperial Encyclopedia†¦ must be fifty years old if a day†¦ and a computer.† She reached for the keys and Seldon stopped her. â€Å"Wait. Something could go wrong and we’ll be delayed.† He pointed to a discreet sign above a free-standing set of shelves that glowed with the letters TO THE SACR TORIUM. The second A in SACRATORIUM was dead, possibly recently or possibly because no one cared. (The Empire, thought Seldon, was in decay. All parts of it. Mycogen too.) He looked about. The poor library, so necessary to Mycogenian pride, perhaps so useful to the Elders who could use it to find crumbs to shore up their own beliefs and present them as being those of sophisticated tribespeople, seemed to be completely empty. No one had entered after them. Seldon said, â€Å"Let’s step in here, out of eyeshot of the man at the door, and put on our sashes.† And then, at the door, aware suddenly there would be no turning back if they passed this second hurdle, he said, â€Å"Dors, don’t come in with me.† She frowned. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"It’s not safe and I don’t want you to be at risk.† â€Å"I am here to protect you,† she said with soft firmness. â€Å"What kind of protection can you be? I can protect myself, though you may not think it. And I’d be handicapped by having to protect you. Don’t you see that?† â€Å"You mustn’t be concerned about me, Hari,† said Dors. â€Å"Concern is my part.† She tapped her sash where it crossed in the space between her obscured breasts. â€Å"Because Hummin asked you to?† â€Å"Because those are my orders.† She seized Seldon’s arms just above his elbow and, as always, he was surprised by her firm grip. She said, â€Å"I’m against this, Hari, but if you feel you must go in, then I must go in too.† â€Å"All right, then. But if anything happens and you can wriggle out of it, run. Don’t worry about me.† â€Å"You’re wasting your breath, Hari. And you’re insulting me.† Seldon touched the entrance panel and the portal slid open. Together, almost in unison, they walked through. 57. A large room, all the larger because it was empty of anything resembling furniture. No chairs, no benches, no seats of any kind. No stage, no drapery, no decorations. No lights, merely a uniform illumination of mild, unfocused light. The walls were not entirely blank. Periodically, arranged in spaced fashion at various heights and in no easy repetitive order, there were small, primitive, two-dimensional television screens, all of which were operating. From where Dors and Seldon stood, there was not even the illusion of a third dimension, not a breath of true holovision. There were people present. Not many and nowhere together. You read "Prelude to Foundation Chapter 12 Aerie" in category "Essay examples" They stood singly and, like the television monitors, in no easy repetitive order. All were white-kirtled, all sashed. For the most part, there was silence. No one talked in the usual sense. Some moved their lips, murmuring softly. Those who walked did so stealthily, eyes downcast. The atmosphere was absolutely funereal. Seldon leaned toward Dors, who instantly put a finger to her lips, then pointed to one of the television monitors. The screen showed an idyllic garden bursting with blooms, the camera panning over it slowly. They walked toward the monitor in a fashion that imitated the others-slow steps, putting each foot down softly. When they were within half a meter of the screen, a soft insinuating voice made itself heard: â€Å"The garden of Antennin, as reproduced from ancient guidebooks and photographs, located in the outskirts of Eos. Note the-â€Å" Dors said in a whisper Seldon had trouble catching over the sound of the set, â€Å"It turns on when someone is close and it will turn off if we step away. If we’re close enough, we can talk under cover, but don’t look at me and stop speaking if anyone approaches.† Seldon, his head bent, his hands clasped before him (he had noted that this was a preferred posture), said, â€Å"Any moment I expect someone to start wailing.† â€Å"Someone might. They’re mourning their Lost World,† said Dors. â€Å"I hope they change the films every once in a while. It would be deadly to always see the same ones.† â€Å"They’re all different,† said Dors, her eyes sliding this way and that. â€Å"They may change periodically. I don’t know.† â€Å"Wait!† said Seldon just a hair’s breadth too loud. He lowered his voice and said, â€Å"Come this way.† Dors frowned, failing to make out the words, but Seldon gestured slightly with his head. Again the stealthy walk, but Seldon’s footsteps increased in length as he felt the need for greater speed and Dors, catching up, pulled sharply-if very briefly-at his kirtle. He slowed. â€Å"Robots here,† he said under the cover of the sound as it came on. The picture showed the corner of a dwelling place with a rolling lawn and a line of hedges in the foreground and three of what could only be described as robots. They were metallic, apparently, and vaguely human in shape. The recording said, â€Å"This is a view, recently constructed, of the establishment of the famous Wendome estate of the third century. The robot you see near the center was, according to tradition, named Bendar and served twenty-two years, according to the ancient records, before being replaced.† Dors said, † ‘Recently constructed,’ so they must change views.† â€Å"Unless they’ve been saying ‘recently constructed’ for the last thousand years.† Another Mycogenian stepped into the sound pattern of the scene and said in a low voice, though not as low as the whisperings of Seldon and Dors, â€Å"Greetings, Brothers.† He did not look at Seldon and Dors as he spoke and after one involuntary and startled glance, Seldon kept his head averted. Dors had ignored it all. Seldon hesitated. Mycelium Seventy-Two had said that there was no talking in the Sacratorium. Perhaps he had exaggerated. Then too he had not been in the Sacratorium since he was a child. Desperately, Seldon decided he must speak. He said in a whisper, â€Å"And to you, Brother, greetings.† He had no idea whether that was the correct formula of reply or if there was a formula, but the Mycogenian seemed to find nothing amiss in it. â€Å"To you in Aurora,† he said. â€Å"And to you,† said Seldon and because it seemed to him that the other expected more, he added, â€Å"in Aurora,† and there was an impalpable release of tension. Seldon felt his forehead growing moist. The Mycogenian said, â€Å"Beautiful! I haven’t seen this before.† â€Å"Skillfully done,† said Seldon. Then, in a burst of daring, he added, â€Å"A loss never to be forgotten.† The other seemed startled, then said, â€Å"Indeed, indeed,† and moved away. Dors hissed, â€Å"Take no chances. Don’t say what you don’t have to.† â€Å"It seemed natural. Anyway, this it recent. But those are disappointing robots. They are what I would expect automata to be. I want to see the organic ones-the humanoids.† â€Å"If they existed,† said Dors with some hesitation, â€Å"it seems to me they wouldn’t be used for gardening jobs.† â€Å"True,† said Seldon. â€Å"We must find the Elders’ aerie.† â€Å"If that exists. It seems to me there is nothing in this hollow cave but a hollow cave.† â€Å"Let’s look.† They paced along the wall, passing from screen to screen, trying to wait at each for irregular intervals until Dors clutched Seldon’s arms. Between two screens were lines marking out a faint rectangle. â€Å"A door,† Dors said. Then she weakened the assertion by adding, â€Å"Do you think?† Seldon looked about surreptitiously. It was in the highest degree convenient that, in keeping with the mourning atmosphere, every face, when not fixed on a television monitor, was bent in sad concentration on the floor. Seldon said, â€Å"How do you suppose it would open?† â€Å"An entrance patch.† â€Å"I can’t make out any.† â€Å"It’s just not marked out, but there’s a slight discoloration there. Do you see it? How many palms? How many times?† â€Å"I’ll try. Keep an eye out and kick me if anyone looks in this direction.† He held his breath casually, touched the discolored spot to no avail, and then placed his palm full upon it and pressed. The door opened silently-not a creak, not a scrape. Seldon stepped through as rapidly as he could and Dors followed him. The door closed behind them. â€Å"The question is,† said Dors, â€Å"did anyone see us?† Seldon said, â€Å"Elders must go through this door frequently.† â€Å"Yes, but will anyone think we are Elders?† Seldon waited, then said, â€Å"If we were observed and if anyone thought something was wrong, this door would have been flung open again within fifteen seconds of our entering.† â€Å"Possibly,† said Dors dryly, â€Å"or possibly there is nothing to be seen or done on this side of the door and no one cares if we enter.† â€Å"That remains to be seen,† muttered Seldon. The rather narrow room they had entered was somewhat dark, but as they stepped farther into it, the light brightened. There were chairs, wide and comfortable, small tables, several davenports, a deep and tall refrigerator, cupboards. â€Å"If this is the Elders’ aerie,† said Seldon, â€Å"the Elders seem to do themselves comfortably, despite the austerity of the Sacratorium itself.† â€Å"As would be expected,† said Dors. â€Å"Asceticism among a ruling class-except for public show-is very rare. Put that down in your notebook for psychohistorical aphorisms.† She looked about. â€Å"And there is no robot.† Seldon said, â€Å"An aerie is a high position, remember, and this ceiling is not. There must be upper storeys and that must be the way.† He pointed to a well-carpeted stairway. He did not advance toward it, however, but looked about vaguely. Dors guessed what he was seeking. She said, â€Å"Forget about elevators. There’s a cult of primitivism in Mycogen. Surely, you haven’t forgotten that, have you? There would be no elevators and, what’s more, if we place our weight at the foot of the stairs, I am quite certain it will not begin moving upward. We’re going to have to climb it. Several flights, perhaps.† â€Å"Climb it?† â€Å"It must, in the nature of things, lead to the aerie-if it leads anywhere. Do you want to see the aerie or don’t you?† Together they stepped toward the staircase and began the climb. They went up three flights and, as they did, the light level decreased perceptibly and in steady increments. Seldon took a deep breath and whispered, â€Å"I consider myself to be in pretty good shape, but I hate this.† â€Å"You’re not used to this precise type of physical exertion.† She showed no signs of physical distress whatever. At the top of the third flight the stairs ended and before them was another door. â€Å"And if it’s locked?† said Seldon, more to himself than to Dors. â€Å"Do we try to break it down?† But Dors said, â€Å"Why should it be locked when the lower door was not? If this is the Elders’ aerie, I imagine there’s a taboo on anyone but Elders coming here and a taboo is much stronger than any lock.† â€Å"As far as those who accept the taboo are concerned,† said Seldon, but he made no move toward the door. â€Å"There’s still time to turn back, since you hesitate,† said Dors. â€Å"In fact, I would advise you to rum back.† â€Å"I only hesitate because I don’t know what we’ll find inside. If it’s empty-† And then he added in a rather louder voice, â€Å"Then it’s empty,† and he strode forward and pushed against the entry panel. The door retracted with silent speed and Seldon took a step back at the surprising flood of light from within. And there, facing him, eyes alive with light, arms half-upraised, one foot slightly advanced before the other, gleaming with a faintly yellow metallic shine, was a human figure. For a few moments, it seemed to be wearing a tight-fitting tunic, but on closer inspection it became apparent that the tunic was part of the structure of the object. â€Å"It’s the robot,† said Seldon in awe, â€Å"but it’s metallic.† â€Å"Worse than that,† said Dors, who had stepped quickly to one side and then to the other. â€Å"Its eyes don’t follow me. Its arms don’t as much as tremble. It’s not alive-if one can speak of robots as being alive.† And a man-unmistakably a man-stepped out from behind the robot and said, â€Å"Perhaps not. But I am alive.† And almost automatically, Dors stepped forward and took her place between Seldon and the man who had suddenly appeared. 58. Seldon pushed Dors to one side, perhaps a shade more roughly than he intended. â€Å"I don’t need protection. This is our old friend Sunmaster Fourteen.† The man who faced them, wearing a double sash that was perhaps his right as High Elder, said, â€Å"And you are Tribesman Seldon.† â€Å"Of course,† said Seldon. â€Å"And this, despite her masculine dress, is Tribeswoman Venabili.† Dors said nothing. Sunmaster Fourteen said, â€Å"You are right, of course, tribesman. You are in no danger of physical harm from me. Please sit down. Both of you. Since you are not a Sister, tribeswoman, you need not retire. There is a seat for you which, if you value such a distinction, you will be the first woman ever to have used.† â€Å"I do not value such a distinction,† said Dors, spacing her words for emphasis. Sunmaster Fourteen nodded. â€Å"That is as you wish. I too will sit down, for I must ask you questions and I do not care to do it standing.† They were sitting now in a corner of the room. Seldon’s eyes wandered to the metal robot. Sunmaster Fourteen said, â€Å"It is a robot.† â€Å"I know,† said Seldon briefly. â€Å"I know you do,† said Sunmaster Fourteen with similar curtness. â€Å"But now that we have settled that matter, why are you here?† Seldon gazed steadily at Sunmaster Fourteen and said, â€Å"To see the robot.† â€Å"Do you know that no one but an Elder is allowed in the aerie?† â€Å"I did not know that, but I suspected it.† â€Å"Do you know that no tribesperson is allowed in the Sacratorium?† â€Å"I was told that.† â€Å"And you ignored the fact, is that it?† â€Å"As I said, we wanted to see the robot.† â€Å"Do you know that no woman, even a Sister, is allowed in the Sacratorium except at certain stated-and rare-occasions?† â€Å"I was told that.† â€Å"And do you know that no woman is at any time-or for any reason-allowed to dress in masculine garb? That holds, within the borders of Mycogen, for tribeswomen as well as for Sisters.† â€Å"I was not told that, but I am not surprised.† â€Å"Good. I want you to understand all this. Now, why did you want to see the robot?† Seldon said with a shrug, â€Å"Curiosity. I had never seen a robot or even known that such a thing existed.† â€Å"And how did you come to know that it did exist and, specifically, that it existed here?† Seldon was silent, then said, â€Å"I do not wish to answer that question.† â€Å"Is that why you were brought to Mycogen by Tribesman Hummin? To investigate robots?† â€Å"No. Tribesman Hummin brought us here that we might be secure. However, we are scholars, Dr. Venabili and I. Knowledge is our province and to gain knowledge is our purpose. Mycogen is little understood outside its borders and we wish to know more about your ways and your methods of thought. It is a natural desire and, it seems to us, a harmless-even praiseworthy-one.† â€Å"Ah, but we do not wish the outer tribes and worlds to know about us. That is our natural desire and we are the judge of what is harmless to us and what harmful. So I ask you again, tribesman: How did you know that a robot existed in Mycogen and that it existed in this room?† â€Å"General rumor,† said Seldon at length. â€Å"Do you insist on that?† â€Å"General rumor. I insist on it.† Sunmaster Fourteen’s keen blue eyes seemed to sharpen and he said without raising his voice, â€Å"Tribesman Seldon, we have long cooperated with Tribesman Hummin. For a tribesman, he has seemed a decent and trustworthy individual. For a tribesman! When he brought you two to us and commended you to our protection, we granted it. But Tribesman Hummin, whatever his virtues, is still a tribesman and we had misgivings. We were not at all sure what your-or his-real purpose might be.† â€Å"Our purpose was knowledge,† said Seldon. â€Å"Academic knowledge. Tribeswoman Venabili is a historian and I too have an interest in history. Why should we not be interested in Mycogenian history?† â€Å"For one thing, because we do not wish you to be.-In any case, two of our trusted Sisters were sent to you. They were to cooperate with you, try to find out what it was you wanted, and-what is the expression you tribesmen use?-play along with you. Yet not in such a way that you would be too aware as to what was happening.† Sunmaster Fourteen smiled, but it was a grim smile. â€Å"Raindrop Forty-Five,† Sunmaster Fourteen went on, â€Å"went shopping with Tribeswoman Venabili, but there seemed nothing out of the way in what happened on those trips. Naturally, we had a full report. Raindrop Forty-Three showed you, Tribesman Seldon, our microfarms. You might have been suspicious of her willingness to accompany you alone, something that is utterly out of the question for us, but you reasoned that what applied to Brothers did not apply to tribesmen and you flattered yourself that that flimsy bit of reasoning won her over. She complied with your desire, though at considerable cost to her peace of mind. And, eventually, you asked for the Book. To have handed it over too easily might have roused your suspicion, so she pretended to a perverse desire only you could satisfy. Her self-sacrifice will not be forgotten.-I take it, tribesman, you still have the Book and I suspect you have it with you now. May I have it?† Seldon sat in bitter silence. Sunmaster Fourteen’s wrinkled hand remained obtrusively outstretched and he said, â€Å"How much better it would be than to wrest it from you by force.† And Seldon handed it over. Sunmaster Fourteen leafed through its pages briefly, as though to reassure himself it was unharmed. He said with a small sigh, â€Å"It will have to be carefully destroyed in the approved manner. Sad.-But once you had this Book, we were, of course, not surprised when you made your way out to the Sacratorium. You were watched at all times, for you cannot think that any Brother or Sister, not totally absorbed, would not recognize you for tribespeople at a glance. We know a skincap when we see one and there are less than seventy of them in Mycogen†¦ almost all belonging to tribesmen on official business who remain entirely in secular governmental buildings during the time they are here. So you were not only seen but unmistakably identified, over and over. â€Å"The elderly Brother who met you was careful to tell you about the library as well as about the Sacratorium, but he was also careful to tell you what you were forbidden to do, for we did not wish to entrap you. Skystrip Two also warned you†¦ and quite forcibly. Nevertheless, you did not turn away. â€Å"The shop at which you bought the white kirtle and the two sashes informed us at once and from that we knew well what you intended. The library was kept empty, the librarian was warned to keep his eyes to himself, the Sacratorium was kept under-utilized. The one Brother who inadvertently spoke to you almost gave it away, but hastened off when he realized with whom he was dealing. And then you came up here. â€Å"You see, then, that it was your intention to come up here and that we in no way lured you here. You came as a result of your own action, your own desire, and what I want to ask you-yet once again-is: Why?† It was Dors who answered this time, her voice firm, her eyes hard. â€Å"We will tell you yet once again, Mycogenian. We are scholars, who consider knowledge sacred and it is only knowledge that we seek. You did not lure us here, but you did not stop us either, as you might have done before ever we approached this building. You smoothed our way and made it easy for us and even that might be considered a lure. And what harm have we done? We have in no way disturbed the building, or this room, or you, or that.† She pointed to the robot. â€Å"It is a dead lump of metal that you hide here and we now know that it is dead and that is all the knowledge we sought. We thought it would be more significant and we are disappointed, but now that we know it is merely what it is, we will leave-and, if you wish, we will leave Mycogen as well.† Sunmaster Fourteen listened with no trace of expression on his face, but when she was done, he addressed Seldon, saying, â€Å"This robot, as you see it, is a symbol, a symbol of all we have lost and of all we no longer have, of all that, through thousands of years, we have not forgotten and what we intend someday to return to. Because it is all that remains to us that is both material and authentic, it is dear to us-yet to your woman it is only ‘a dead lump of metal.’ Do you associate yourself with that judgment, Tribesman Seldon?† Seldon said, â€Å"We are members of societies that do not tie ourselves to a past that is thousands of years old, making no contact at all with what has existed between that past and ourselves. We live in the present, which we recognize as the product of all the past and not of one long-gone moment of time that we hug to our chests. We realize, intellectually, what the robot may mean to you and we are willing to let it continue to mean that to you. But we can only see it with our own eyes, as you can only see it with yours. To us, it is a dead lump of metal.† â€Å"And now,† said Dors, â€Å"we will leave.† â€Å"You will not,† said Sunmaster Fourteen. â€Å"By coming here, you have committed a crime. It is a crime only in our eyes, as you will hasten to point out†-his lips curved in a wintry smile-â€Å"but this is our territory and, within it, we make the definitions. And this crime, as we define it, is punishable by death.† â€Å"And you are going to shoot us down?† said Dors haughtily. Sunmaster Fourteen’s expression was one of contempt and he continued to speak only to Seldon. â€Å"What do you think we are, Tribesman Seldon? Our culture is as old as yours, as complex, as civilized, as humane. I am not armed. You will be tried and, since you are manifestly guilty, executed according to law, quickly and painlessly. â€Å"If you were to try to leave now, I would not stop you, but there are many Brothers below, many more than there appeared to be when you entered the Sacratorium and, in their rage at your action, they may lay rough and forceful hands on you. It has happened in our history that tribespeople have even died so and it is not a pleasant death-certainly not a painless one.† â€Å"We were warned of this,† said Dors, â€Å"by Skystrip Two. So much for your complex, civilized, and humane culture.† â€Å"People can be moved to violence at moments of emotion, Tribesman Seldon,† said Sunmaster Fourteen calmly, â€Å"whatever their humanity in moments of calm. This is true in every culture, as your woman, who is said to be a historian, must surely know.† Seldon said, â€Å"Let us remain reasonable, Sunmaster Fourteen. You may be the law in Mycogen over local affairs, but you are not the law over us and you know it. We are both non-Mycogenian citizens of the Empire and it is the Emperor and his designated legal officers who must remain in charge of any capital offense.† Sunmaster Fourteen said, â€Å"That may be so in statutes and on papers and on holovision screens, but we are not talking theory now. The High Elder has long had the power to punish crimes of sacrilege without interference from the Imperial throne.† â€Å"If the criminals are your own people,† said Seldon. â€Å"It would be quite different if they were outsiders.† â€Å"I doubt it in this case. Tribesman Hummin brought you here as fugitives and we are not so yeast-headed in Mycogen that we don’t strongly suspect that you are fugitives from the Emperor’s laws. Why should he object if we do his work for him?† â€Å"Because,† said Seldon, â€Å"he would. Even if we were fugitives from the Imperial authorities and even if he wanted us only to punish us, he would still want us. To allow you to kill, by whatever means and for whatever reason, non-Mycogenians without due Imperial process would be to defy his authority and no Emperor could allow such a precedent. No matter how eager he might be to see that the microfood trade not be interrupted, he would still feel it necessary to re-establish the Imperial prerogative. Do you wish, in your eagerness to kill us, to have a division of Imperial soldiery loot your farms and your dwellings, desecrate your Sacratorium, and take liberties with the Sisters: Consider.† Sunmaster Fourteen smiled once again, but displayed no softness. â€Å"Actually, I have considered and there is an alternative. After we condemn you, we could delay your execution to allow you to appeal to the Emperor for a review of your case. The Emperor might be grateful at this evidence of our ready submission to his authority and grateful too to lay his hands on you two-for some reason of his own-and Mycogen might profit. Is that what you want, then? To appeal to the Emperor in due course and to be delivered to him?† Seldon and Dors looked at each other briefly and were silent. Sunmaster Fourteen said, â€Å"I feel you would rather be delivered to the Emperor than die, but why do I get the impression that the preference is only by a slight margin?† â€Å"Actually,† said a new voice, â€Å"I think neither alternative is acceptable and that we must search for a third.† 59. It was Dors who identified the newcomer first, perhaps because it was she who expected him. â€Å"Hummin,† she said, â€Å"thank goodness you found us. I got in touch with you the moment I realized I was not going to deflect Hari from†-she held up her hands in a wide gesture â€Å"this.† Hummin’s smile was a small one that did not alter the natural gravity of his face. There was a subtle weariness about him. â€Å"My dear,† he said, â€Å"I was engaged in other things. I cannot always pull away at a moment’s notice. And when I got here, I had, like you two, to supply myself with a kirtle and sash, to say nothing of a skincap, and make my way out here. Had I been here earlier, I might have stopped this, but I believe I’m not too late.† Sunmaster Fourteen had recovered from what had seemed to be a painful shock. He said in a voice that lacked its customary severe depth, â€Å"How did you get in here, Tribesman Hummin?† â€Å"It was not easy, High Elder, but as Tribeswoman Venabili likes to say, I am a very persuasive person. Some of the citizens here remember who I was and what I have done for Mycogen in the past, that I am even an honorary Brother. Have you forgotten, Sunmaster Fourteen?† The Elder replied, â€Å"I have not forgotten, but even the most favorable memory can not survive certain actions. A tribesman here and a tribeswoman. There is no greater crime. All you have done is not great enough to balance that. My people are not unmindful. We will make it up to you some other way. But these two must die or be handed over to the Emperor.† â€Å"I am also here,† said Hummin calmly. â€Å"Is that not a crime as well?† â€Å"For you,† said Sunmaster Fourteen, â€Å"for you personally, as a kind of honorary Brother, I can†¦ overlook it†¦ once. Not these two.† â€Å"Because you expect a reward from the Emperor? Some favor? Some concession? Have you already been in touch with him or with his Chief of Staff, Eto Demerzel, more likely?† â€Å"That is not a subject for discussion.† â€Å"Which is itself an admission. Come on, I don’t ask what the Emperor promised, but it cannot be much. He does not have much to give in these degenerate days. Let me make you an offer. Have these two told you they are scholars?† â€Å"They have.† â€Å"And they are. They are not lying. The tribeswoman is a historian and the tribesman is a mathematician. The two together are trying to combine their talents to make a mathematics of history and they call the combined subject ‘psychohistory.’ â€Å" Sunmaster Fourteen said, â€Å"I know nothing about this psychohistory, nor do I care to know. Neither it nor any other facet of your tribal learning interests me.† â€Å"Nevertheless,† said Hummin, â€Å"I suggest that you listen to me.† It took Hummin some fifteen minutes, speaking concisely, to describe the possibility of organizing the natural laws of society (something he always mentioned with audible quotation marks in the tone of his voice) in such a way as to make it possible to anticipate the future with a substantial degree of probability. And when he was done, Sunmaster Fourteen, who had listened expressionlessly, said, â€Å"A highly unlikely piece of speculation, I should say.† Seldon, with a rueful expression, seemed about to speak, undoubtedly to agree, but Hummin’s hand, resting lightly on the other’s knee, tightened unmistakably. Hummin said, â€Å"Possibly, High Elder, but the Emperor doesn’t think so. And by the Emperor, who is himself an amiable enough personage, I really mean Demerzel, concerning whose ambitions you need no instruction. They would like very much to have these two scholars, which is why I’ve brought them here for safekeeping. I had little expectation that you would do Demerzel’s work for him by delivering the scholars to him.† â€Å"They have committed a crime that-â€Å" â€Å"Yes, we know, High Elder, but it is only a crime because you choose to call it so. No real harm has been done.† â€Å"It has been done to our belief, to our deepest felt-â€Å" â€Å"But imagine what harm will be done if psychohistory falls into the hands of Demerzel. Yes, I grant that nothing may come of it, but suppose for a moment that something does and that the Imperial government has the use of it-can foretell what is to come-can take measures with that foreknowledge which no one else would have-can take measures, in fact, designed to bring about an alternate future more to the Imperial liking.† â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Is there any doubt, High Elder, that the alternate future more to the Imperial liking would be one of tightened centralization? For centuries now, as you very well know, the Empire has been undergoing a steady decentralization. Many worlds now acknowledge only lip service to the Emperor and virtually rule themselves. Even here on Trantor, there is decentralization. Mycogen, as only one example, is free of Imperial interference for the most part. You rule its High Elder and there is no Imperial officer at your side overseeing your actions and decisions. How long do you think that will last with men like Demerzel adjusting the future to their liking?† â€Å"Still the flimsiest of speculation,† said Sunmaster Fourteen, â€Å"but a disturbing one, I admit.† â€Å"On the other hand, if these scholars can complete their task, an unlikely if, you might say, but an if-then they are sure to remember that you spared them when you might have chosen not to. And it would then be conceivable that they would learn to arrange a future, for instance, that would allow Mycogen to be given a world of its own, a world that could be terraformed into a close replica of the Lost World. And even if these two forget your kindness, I will be here to remind them.† â€Å"Well-† said Sunmaster Fourteen. â€Å"Come on,† said Hummin, â€Å"it is not hard to decide what must be going through your mind. Of all tribespeople, you must trust Demerzel the least. And though the chance of psychohistory might be small (if I was not being honest with you, I would not admit that) it is not zero; and if it will bring about a restoration of the Lost World, what can you want more than that? What would you not risk for even a tiny chance of that? Come now-I promise you and my promises are not lightly given. Release these two and choose a tiny chance of your heart’s desire over no chance at all.† There was silence and then Sunmaster Fourteen sighed. â€Å"I don’t know how it is, Tribesman Hummin, but on every occasion that we meet, you persuade me into something I do not really want to do.† â€Å"Have I ever misled you, High Elder?† â€Å"You have never offered me so small a chance?† â€Å"And so high a possible reward. The one balances the other.† And Sunmaster Fourteen nodded his head. â€Å"You are right. Take these two and take them out of Mycogen and never let me see them again unless there comes a time when-But surely it will not be in my lifetime.† â€Å"Perhaps not, High Elder. But your people have been waiting patiently for nearly twenty thousand years. Would you then object to waiting another-perhaps-two hundred?† â€Å"I would not willingly wait one moment, but my people will wait as long as they must.† And standing up, he said, â€Å"I will clear the path. Take them and go.† 60. They were finally back in a tunnel. Hummin and Seldon had traveled through one when they went from the Imperial Sector to Streeling University in the air-taxi. Now they were in another tunnel, going from Mycogen to†¦ Seldon did not know where. He hesitated to ask. Hummin’s face seemed as if it was carved out of granite and it didn’t welcome conversation. Hummin sat in the front of the four-seater, with no one to his right. Seldon and Dors shared the backseat. Seldon chanced a smile at Dors, who looked glum. â€Å"It’s nice to be in real clothes again, isn’t it?† â€Å"I will never,† said Dors with enormous sincerity, â€Å"wear or look at anything that resembles a kirtle. And I will never, under any circumstances, wear a skincap. In fact, I’m going to feel odd if I ever see a normally bald man.† And it was Dors who finally asked the question that Seldon had been reluctant to advance. â€Å"Chetter,† she said rather petulantly, â€Å"why won’t you tell us where we’re going?† Hummin hitched himself into a sideways position and he looked back at Dors and Seldon gravely. â€Å"Somewhere,† he said, â€Å"where it may be difficult for you to get into trouble-although I’m not sure such a place exists.† Dors was at once crestfallen. â€Å"Actually, Chetter, it’s my fault. At Streeling, I let Hari go Upperside without accompanying him. In Mycogen, I at least accompanied him, but I suppose I ought not to have let him enter the Sacratorium at all.† â€Å"I was determined,† said Seldon warmly. â€Å"It was in no way Dors’s fault.† Hummin made no effort to apportion blame. He simply said, â€Å"I gather you wanted to see the robot. Was there a reason for that? Can you tell me?† Seldon could feel himself redden. â€Å"I was wrong in that respect, Hummin. I did not see what I expected to see or what I hoped to see. If I had known the content of the aerie, I would never have bothered going there. Call it a complete fiasco.† â€Å"But then, Seldon, what was it you hoped to see? Please tell me. Take your time if you wish. This is a long trip and I am willing to listen.† â€Å"The thing is, Hummin, that I had the idea that there were humaniform robots, that they were long-lived, that at least one might still be alive, and that it might be in the aerie. There was a robot there, but it was metallic, it was dead, and it was merely a symbol. Had I but known-â€Å" â€Å"Yes. Did we all but know, there would be no need for questions or for research of any kind. Where did you get your information about humaniform robots? Since no Mycogenian would have discussed that with you, I can think of only one source. The Mycogenian Book-a powered print-book in ancient Auroran and modern Galactic. Am I right?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"And how did you get a copy?† Seldon paused, then muttered, â€Å"Its somewhat embarrassing.† â€Å"I am not easily embarrassed, Seldon.† Seldon told him and Hummin allowed a very small smile to twitch across his face. Hummin said, â€Å"Didn’t it occur to you that what occurred had to be a charade? No Sister would do a thing like that-except under instruction and with a great deal of persuading.† Seldon frowned and said with asperity, â€Å"That was not at all obvious. People are perverted now and then. And its easy for you to grin. I didn’t have the information you had and neither did Dors. If you did not wish me to fall into traps, you might have warned me of those that existed.† â€Å"I agree. I withdraw my remark. In any case, you don’t have the Book any longer, I’m sure.† â€Å"No. Sunmaster Fourteen took it from me.† â€Å"How much of it did you read?† â€Å"Only a small fraction. I didn’t have time. It’s a huge book and I must tell you, Hummin, it is dreadfully dull.† â€Å"Yes, I know that, for I think I have read more of it than you have. It is not only dull, it is totally unreliable. It is a one-sided, official Mycogenian view of history that is more intent on presenting that view than a reasoned objectivity. It is even deliberately unclear in spots so that outsiders-even if they were to read the Book-would never know entirely what they read. What was it, for instance, that you thought you read about robots that interested you?† â€Å"I’ve already told you. They speak of humaniform robots, robots that could not be distinguished from human beings in outward appearance.† â€Å"How many of these would exist?† asked Hummin. â€Å"They don’t say.-At least, I didn’t come across a passage in which they gave numbers. There may have been only a handful, but one of them, the Book refers to as ‘Renegade.’ It seems to have an unpleasant significance, but I couldn’t make out what.† â€Å"You didn’t tell me anything about that,† interposed Dors. â€Å"If you had, I would have told you that it’s not a proper name. It’s another archaic word and it means, roughly, what ‘traitor’ would mean in Galactic. The older word has a greater aura of fear about it. A traitor, somehow, sneaks to his treason, but a renegade flaunts it.† Hummin said, â€Å"I’ll leave the fine points of archaic language to you, Dors, but, in any case, if the Renegade actually existed and if it was a humaniform robot, then, clearly, as a traitor and enemy, it would not be preserved and venerated in the Elders’ aerie.† Seldon said, â€Å"I didn’t know the meaning of ‘Renegade,’ but, as I said, I did get the impression that it was an enemy. I thought it might have been defeated and preserved as a reminder of the Mycogenian triumph.† â€Å"Was there any indication in the Book that the Renegade was defeated?† â€Å"No, but I might have missed that portion-â€Å" â€Å"Not likely. Any Mycogenian victory would be announced in the Book unmistakably and referred to over and over again.† â€Å"There was another point the Book made about the Renegade,† said Seldon, hesitating, â€Å"but I can’t be at all sure I understood it.† Hummin said, â€Å"As I told you†¦ They are deliberately obscure at times.† â€Å"Nevertheless, they seemed to say that the Renegade could somehow tap human emotions†¦ influence them-â€Å" â€Å"Any politician can,† said Hummin with a shrug. â€Å"It’s called charisma-when it works.† Seldon sighed. â€Å"Well, I wanted to believe. That was it. I would have given a great deal to find an ancient humaniform robot that was still alive and that I could question.† â€Å"For what purpose?† asked Hummin. â€Å"To learn the details of the primordial Galactic society when it still consisted of only a handful of worlds. From so small a Galaxy psychohistory could be deduced more easily.† Hummin said, â€Å"Are you sure you could trust what you heard? After many thousands of years, would you be willing to rely on the robot’s early memories? How much distortion would have entered into them?† â€Å"That’s right,† said Dors suddenly. â€Å"It would be like the computerized records I told you of, Hari. Slowly, those robot memories would be discarded, lost, erased, distorted. You can only go back so far and the farther you go back, the less reliable the information becomes-no matter what you do.† Hummin nodded. â€Å"I’ve heard it referred to as a kind of uncertainty principle in information.† â€Å"But wouldn’t it be possible,† said Seldon thoughtfully, â€Å"that some information, for special reasons, would be preserved? Parts of the Mycogenian Book may well refer to events of twenty thousand years ago and yet be very largely as it had been originally. The more valued and the more carefully preserved particular information is, the more long-lasting and accurate it may be.† â€Å"The key word is ‘particular.’ What the Book may care to preserve may not be what you wish to have preserved and what a robot may remember best may be what you wish him to remember least.† Seldon said in despair, â€Å"In whatever direction I turn to seek a way of working out psychohistory, matters so arrange themselves as to make it impossible. Why bother trying?† â€Å"It might seem hopeless now,† said Hummin unemotionally, â€Å"but given the necessary genius, a route to psychohistory may be found that none of us would at this moment expect. Give yourself more time.-But we’re coming to a rest area. Let us pull off and have dinner.† Over the lamb patties on rather tasteless bread (most unpalatable after the fare at Mycogen), Seldon said, â€Å"You seem to assume, Hummin, that I am the possessor of ‘the necessary genius.’ I may not be, you know.† Hummin said, â€Å"That’s true. You may not be. However, I know of no alternate candidate for the post, so I must cling to you.† And Seldon sighed and said, â€Å"Well, I’ll try, but I’m out of any spark of hope. Possible but not practical, I said to begin with, and I’m more convinced of that now than I ever was before.† How to cite Prelude to Foundation Chapter 12 Aerie, Essay examples

International Business Environment Turkey Between past and Future

Assess the positive and negative factors in Turkey’s case for EU membership Introduction Turkey’s case for EU membership is a welcome move that will help benefit the country in many ways. However, it must be noted that the move also has it shortfalls. The disadvantages are not only economical or social, but also political. Some of the advantages and disadvantages are discussed below.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Business Environment: Turkey Between past and Future specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic Advantages There will be increased market for locally manufactured goods. By joining the EU, Turkey will enjoy membership benefits such as tax exemption and preferential treatment for its products from member countries. Such opportunities will increase its earnings from export on its textile products. With a home market that already totals to 70 million people, the additional mark et provided by members will help increase economic growth. As compared to other EU members, Turkey has the highest birth rate of 2.5%. By joining the EU, Turkey will be able to sell its human labour to other member countries hence reducing unemployment level and consequently increasing standard of life of its people. The ploughed back earnings from the employed people will also help boost its gross domestic earnings and economic growth. Increase in tourism activities will be another advantage. Turkey has some of the most magnificent tourist attractions around the world. It also has a very rich cultural background which most Europeans seek in Africa. By joining the EU, Turkey will be opening its beautiful white sand beaches, the house of the Virgin Mary and many other attractions to its members which will increase it income earnings. Use of one currency in trade, the euro, will make transactions easier. Businesspersons from Turkey will not have to worry about exchange rates in their daily business operations. Gain of technological knowledge. Turkey will be able to gain from the member states new technological inventions and research which will help further it economic growth which is already above 6.8% annually. Socio-cultural advantages Although Turkey has a very rich cultural background, joining the EU will still enrich and diversify their culture as a nation as people from member states will be interacting more freely with one another. These cultural exchanges will take place through education exchange programme and intermarriages. It will also promote peace among members which could in turn spread to other countries leading to a peaceful universe. Countries in one union do not wage war against each other.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political advantages By joining the EU, Turkey will be opening a good political relationship with other EU member countries such as France which its president Sarkozy is not in favour of Turkey joining the EU. Turkey may also benefit from members military support in case of any attacks. Disadvantages of Turkey Joining the EU Turkey’s decision to join the EU could face economic challenges such as dumping. Since Turkey is the least developed of the EU members, low quality goods from other member countries could be dumped there. Its local industries may also subside due to competition from established ones. Turkey’s emerging industries are not yet mature for completion that they may face from established firms from other EU members. Since established firms command large sums of money, they can influence trade by investing more in advertisement and research which could lock out Turkish companies from their markets. Lastly, joining the EU means using the euro in transaction. The euro has been hit by the latest economic depression and is unstable which could affect Turkeys export and i mport trade. Socio-culturally, Turkeys may lose its cultural heritage to the other European influences. The influence of the EU member states has been felt in other parts of the world already. This is in terms of dressing, language and music. This poses a great threat to the culture of Turkey which has been selfishly guarded for centuries. Dumping of poor quality goods may also be a threat to its population’s health. Established firms from other EU members may choose to dump their poor quality goods which cannot be consumed at home in Turkey. These goods could affect the lives of people especially if they are consumables. Additionally, Turkey could be the only member of EU with a large number of Muslim believers. With the war on terror slowly changing direction and being a religious affair, Turkey’s citizens will feel discriminated against. What Social and cultural changes are taking place in Turkey? The socio-cultural changes in a society take place when there is a ch ange in its structure, attitudes, beliefs and values as well as technological factors. A society like Turkey having vested too much authority on the elderly, are often conservatives. This means that the country has remained loyal to its old friends for decades, has traded with almost the same nations for centuries and any changes in its political landscape is minimal.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Business Environment: Turkey Between past and Future specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Turkey’s leadership has stressed more on conformity than individualistic approach. The interweaving of religion and government created a perfect breeding ground for bureaucracy. Such a tightly woven structure has made change in culture limited for many years as every person’s duties have been well define and deviation from it is immoral. Turkey’s cultural and social settings have remained consider ably intact for a long time. However, this year, more than any other has witnessed a great change in societal social standards, culture and ideological stand. Turkish politics which has always been considered as inclusionary and diplomatic has taken an abrupt change of direction and ideology. Led by their newly elected Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey has publicly condemned their long time political ally Israel while showing a strong support for Palestine. Most notably, Prime Minister Recep’s government has embarked on uniting the people of Turkey by trying to eradicate religious discrimination. In attempting to unite the country, the government has had to make constitutional changes that give more powers to the minority groups. This is viewed as a move to stop the brutal kills of innocent people by the Kurdish separatists who are so far responsible for more than 40,000 deaths. This attempt is a clear indication of existence of multiculturalism. A clear conflict ha s surfaced between Islamic elites and secular modernists. In a country with Muslim majority, there have always existed some small religious differences as the minority groups claim discrimination. The Turks language has also changed from the independent indigenous languages to Turkish. It was legally required of all citizens to write and speak Turks, which made many languages die with time. Turkish art is also changing. The traditional miniature art drawings that forbid drawing of human faces and only concentrated on landscapes are being replaced with oil mural paintings. Works Cited Adam Jamrozik, Cathy Boland, Robert Urquhart 1995, Social change and cultural transformation in Australia, illustrated edn, CUP Archive, New York.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anderson, J 1998, Return to Tradition: The Revitalization of Turkish Village Carpets , Jordan. D’Anjou, L 1996, Social movements and cultural change: the first abolition campaign revisited, Transaction Publishers, London. Lake, M 2005, The EU Turkey: a glittering prize or a millstone?, The Federal Trust for Education Research, London. Michael Ruse, David Castle 2002, The Social and Political Structure of Kurdistan, Prometheus Books, New York. Olson, R 1989, The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion , Leank Publishers, Kabul. Richard, T 1991, Islam in Modern Turkey; Religion, Politics, and Literature in a Secular , Indy La’jaury, Chicago. Rita Arditti, Renate Klein, Shelley Minden 1984, From Empire to Republic: Essays on Ottoman and Turkish Social History , Taylor Francis, London. Shaw, SJ,AEKS 1976, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Londler Publishers, Karachi. Yokoyama, KM 2010, U.S. import statistics for animal related commo dities, 2005-2010, Transaction Publishers, London This report on International Business Environment: Turkey Between past and Future was written and submitted by user Iman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.